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Table of Contents
Contents
By
Bryan HuynhFor many people, having that first cup of coffee in the morning is essential and worldwide, over 1 billion people drink coffee each day.
Coffee was first discovered in Ethiopia, and ever since Kaldi (the Ethiopian goatherd that noticed his goats enjoying the coffee cherries) made this discovery known, it’s been spread all around the world through colonization and trade.
From Europe to Asia to Africa to the Americas, people have found unique and delicious ways to enjoy this fragrant beverage. Check out our Coffee Clubs page to compare and read reviews of our favorite coffee clubs! Here are some of the unique recipes found around the world:
Little known fact -- Vietnam is the world’s second-largest coffee exporter after Brazil. But unlike many coffee-exporting countries, Vietnamese coffee consists mostly of Robusta beans -- around 97%. These beans are known for their bitter, bold, and earthy flavor -- and also a high amount of caffeine. While Robusta beans have typically been mass-produced and used to make inexpensive coffee such as instant coffee and supermarket blends.
However, Vietnamese coffee takes these beans and creates something incredibly sweet.
Ca Phe Da is probably the coffee that comes to mind when you think about Vietnamese iced coffee.
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Ca phe trung is also called Vietnamese egg coffee, and despite its unusual name, it tastes fantastic. It’s essentially the coffee version of a chocolatey Cadbury.
While its exact origins are unknown, it’s believed that this drink was created when dairy products were difficult to find, and instead uses whipped egg yolks to make the creamy coffee.
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Traditional Turkish coffee is famous around the world, and this drink is more about the unique preparation than the recipe.
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Coffee grew in popularity in the US partially due to the American Revolution when anything British was avoided, and after tea became unpopular due to the Boston Tea Party, coffee took its place.
Over time, coffee drinking would rise and the first company to mass produce coffee (The Pioneer Steam Coffee and Spice Mills) was founded. Today, that company is now known by Folgers Coffee.
Bulletproof coffee grew in popularity due to its marketing as a healthy, energy-boosting version of coffee made from coffee, butter, and “Brain Octane Oil,” or a medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil.
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Sweden loves its coffee, and Swedes are the second-highest coffee consumers in the world (right after Finland), and drink an average of 3.2 cups of coffee a day. In fact, coffee is so important to Swedish culture that the custom of fika -- aka “a break for coffee and cake” -- is an essential part of their day.
Fun fact: coffee was outlawed in Sweden in 1746 by a royal edict due to “the misuse and excesses of tea and coffee drinking.” Luckily, Sweden lifted this ban and now it’s enjoyed by many.
The literal translation of kaffeost means “coffee cheese,” and it’s exactly that -- coffee poured over cheese -- specifically, Leipäjuusto cheese, also called Finnish squeaky cheese in the US. The cheese doesn’t completely melt, but instead softens and absorbs the flavor of the coffee.
This beverage is also served in Finland, except the cheese is typically served on the side instead of put directly in the coffee.
While you can buy Leipäjuusto, we’ll include a recipe for making it from scratch.
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Scandinavian egg coffee is the result of a brewing method that came out of Norway and Sweden (it’s also popular in parts of the American Midwest), in which coffee grounds are mixed with a raw egg before it’s added to boiling water. Supposedly, the egg whites break down in hot water and release proteins that bind to bitter impurities in coffee, which results in coffee with a golden color and smooth body.
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Coffee first appeared in Germany around 1670, and the first coffeehouses opened in 1679 - 1680 in Bremen, Hamburg, and Hanover. Ever since then, coffee is king in Germany, and is the most enjoyed beverage -- even before beer.
Eiskaffee, or coffee with ice cream, is a sweet treat enjoyed in many cafes in Germany.
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Coffee was introduced to Greece during the Ottoman empire, and the first coffee shop opened around 1475 in what was then Constantinople (now Istanbul).
Greece is home to many local cafes that come in one of two forms:
No matter what kind of cafe you choose, you can look forward to enjoying the coffee, as Greek coffees are delicious and come in many different types. Traditional Greek coffee is basically Turkish coffee since it dates back to when Greece was part of the Ottoman Empire, and it hasn’t changed much since.
This rich coffee, called Ellinikos Cafes, is made from roasted coffee beans ground into a fine powder and added to cold water in a special pot (called briki) before heating on low to medium heat, revealing a thick coffee with foam on top (called kaimaki). Be sure to only stir the coffee at the beginning to not disturb the creamy foam and grounds, and serve in demitasse cups with a tall glass of cold water on the side. The grounds remain in the cup, so you’ll need to wait until they sink to the bottom and have some excellent conversation in the meantime.
Depending on your preferences, you may want to add sugar to your coffee. Greeks specify their coffee with the following:
Until recently, this was the primary coffee consumed and although it still remains popular, the frappe is just as popular.
Frappe is a chilled drink made with foamed milk and instant coffee that is especially sought-after during hot days. It was created in 1957 (accidentally) by Dimitris Vakondios when he blended coffee with cold water (when he couldn’t find any hot water) and ice cubes in a shaker. Its popularity boomed in the 60s and 70s, becoming the top coffee choice in the 80s in Athens, and is available in nearly every Greek cafe-- and even in Cyrprus -- today.
While there are many variations of the frappe now, we’re going to stick to the standard recipe.
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Coffee arrived in Mexico in the late 18th century in Veracruz, when the Spanish brought coffee plants from Cuba and the Domincan Republic, and cultivation started a few decades later.
Today, Mexico is one of the top coffee producers in the world, producing mostly Arabica coffee, with Robusta only making up 3-4%. 90% of Mexican coffee (especially organic coffee) is grown by small farmers in the southern states of Mexico, particularly in Chipas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, and Puebla.
Cafe de Olla (literally “pot coffee” since it’s brewed in a clay pot) is a spiced coffee enjoyed in rural areas with colder climates. It’s a black coffee flavored by piloncillo (traditional unrefined cane sugar) and cinnamon, and sometimes even spiced with allspice, black peppercorns, cloves, and orange peel.
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Ethiopia is the birthplace of coffee so coffee culture here runs deep. The legend goes that around the year 850, in what was called Kaffa in the southwestern area of Ethiopia (which is where coffee got its name), a goatherd named Kaldi noticed his goats acting differently while eating a certain plant. Since then, Kaldi’s name has been used in coffee chains around the country.
A local proverb in Ethiopia translates to “coffee is our bread” and that is certainly true: it’s one of the top coffee producers in the world (along with having some of the top coffee consumers), and has been exporting to other countries since the 15th century. Most of the coffee produced is the high-quality Arabica coffee, but there are 6,000-10,000 varieties of coffee.
Coffee ceremonies are a traditional Ethiopian ceremony in which coffee beans are roasted in a pan, ground, brewed, and then served to family, friends, and guests. It’s an essential part of Ethiopian culture. Here’s how you can enjoy Ethiopian coffee.
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The story goes that coffee was introduced during the Siege of Vienna in 1683, when Austrians were able to fend off the Turkish invaders who left behind bags of coffee, which introduced the drink to the city.
Viennese coffee houses (“das Wiener Kaffeehaus” in German) are a staple of Austrian coffee culture. Two of the most popular include Wiener Mélange and the Einspänner. We will look at both of these delectable drinks below.
The wiener mélange is an espresso drink topped off with steamed milk and foam, and sometimes even cocoa powder and whipped cream.
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The Einspänner is a single or double espresso topped with whipped cream. The name comes from the German word for a single-horse carriage driven with one hand while the other is free to drink coffee, and the whipped cream insulates the coffee, allowing the carriage drivers more time to drink the espresso before it cools.
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Use the mixer to whip the heavy cream, sugar, and vanilla in the chilled bowl until it is completely whipped.
Mix the espresso and sugar in a glass and then top it off with the whipped cream (and cocoa powder or chocolate shavings if desired).
It’s believed that coffee arrive in Brazil in 1727 from French Guiana after Portuguese Lt. Col Francisco del Melo Palheta smuggled them across the border to Para, in the north of Brazil. Eventually coffee spread south to Rio de Janeiro in 1770.
Since then, coffee has become an essential part of Brazilian culture and today, Brazil is the largest coffee producer in the world, making up over 30% of international production. The large production is due to the large area with excellent coffee-growing climate. It grows two types of coffee beans, Arabica and Robusta. In many countries, Arabica beans are processed using the wet process (or washed coffee), but Brazil uses the dry process (also called unwashed or natural coffee).
Cafezinho (“little coffee” in Portuguese) is a sweet, strong coffee drink that is traditionally offered to guests as a sign of hospitality before engaging in good conversation.
Cafezinho is more concentrated than espresso due to being brewed by a special cloth flannel filter, and it’s extremely sweet due to sugar being added early in the process. It’s usually served without milk or cream, and is just as delicious without it.
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When you think of coffee -- especially espresso -- you probably think of Italy. After all, coffee has a long history in Italy, and Venice was one of the first European ports to import coffee beans -- specifically, in 1580 Venetian botanist and physician Prospero Alpini imported coffee into the Republic of Venice from Egypt, which eventually led to the spread of coffee around Italy.
Coffee was initially sold in pharmacies and only available to the rich, but eventually the popularity grew so high that by 1763, there were 218 coffee shops in Venice, and it spread even more, becoming a place where friends would meet to socialize.
Espresso is basically synonymous with Italian coffee at this point. It originated in the late 1800s to early 1900s, and the name comes from the word esprimere, which means “to press out” or “to express.” It’s made with ⅓ espresso, ⅓ steamed milk, and ⅓ foam.
And thanks to espresso, there is another type of drink we can enjoy: the affogato.
The affogato is a delicious blend of espresso and another famous Italian treat -- gelato. “Affogato” means drowned, which refers to the espresso being poured over the gelato. There are even variations of it in which a shot of liqueur (such as amaretto or Bicerin).
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An espresso romano involves combining lemon and espresso by sliding a lemon slice around the edge of a cup and serving it with a peel of lemon zest. It’s believed that this drink was created in World War II when water was difficult to find and lemon juice was used for disinfecting, but others believe it was often used as a remedy for headaches.
While this combination may seem strange, lemon can bring out the flavor of the espresso.
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We’ve talked briefly about Sweden’s history of coffee, but other Scandinavian countries value the beverage as well. Norway was first introduced to coffee in 1694, and it didn’t gain traction until the 18th century.
One of the drinks that came from Scandinavian culture -- specifically Sweden and Norway -- is Scandinavian egg coffee.
Pharisäer kaffee is rum-infused German coffee with whipped cream. It’s origins are believed to be the result of parishioners at a church spiking their coffee with rum to keep the scent of alcohol from reaching their pastor (who strongly disapproved of the drink).
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Coffee arrived in Hong Kong in the 1950s, due to being a British colony, and the amalgamation of both cultures resulted in Hong Kong’s coffee culture (cha chaan teng), or the tea restaurant.
Yeunyeung (Cantonese), or yuanyang (in Mandarin), is a popular drink in Hong Kong and beyond (in Malaysia, it’s known as kopi cham, from the Hokkien word cham, meaning “mix”). It's a blend of coffee in tea (typically three parts coffee and seven parts Hong Kong-style milk tea), and can be served hot or cold.
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An important part of Senegalese culture is hospitality, and Cafe Touba is one way in which it can be shown.
Cafe Touba was brought to Senegal by Sufi religious leader Sheikh Amadou Bamba in the early 20th century, and the drink is named after the holy city of Touba (which means happiness in Arabic). It’s often served at homes and found at street food kiosks (called tangana), and is traditionally considered to have medicinal properties.
Touba uses Arabica coffee that is infused with cloves and grains of selim (Guinean pepper), and typically served with sugar.
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Argentinian coffee is heavily influenced by Italian immigrants (many Argentinians have Italian heritage), so you’ll find espresso and other Italian-style coffees with regional influences. Argentinian coffee also includes both Arabica beans and Robusta beans.
Cafe Lagrima (or “coffee tear”) is an espresso cup filled with warm milk and a small amount of coffee (teardrop amounts, hence the name).
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Australia’s coffee history began after World War II, when Italian immigrants brought their love for coffee (especially espresso) with them.
Australia and New Zealand both fight for the origin of the flat white (sometimes called a wet cappuccino), but it was first documented in Sydney in 1985, and has since spread around the world.
The flat white is a double shot of espresso with steamed milk microfoam, which allows you to taste more of the coffee.
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Coffee arrived in Indonesia in the late 1600s due to Dutch colonists and traders who brought coffee seeds from Yemen, most likely by smuggling. Java was the first island to grow coffee and today Indonesia is one of the world’s top coffee producers.
Indonesian coffee is marked by its unique qualities (earthy flavors and velvety finish) due to being grown in volcanic ash.
Unlike many other coffee producing countries, Indonesia favors Robusta beans over Arabica (although it produces both) and processes coffee using the fully washed method.
Kopi joss is a charcoal coffee that was invented in Yogyakara in the 1960s by a coffee stall vender named Mr. Man. The story goes that he had a stomach ache and that he added a burning coil to boil the water to help him. Today, there are many individuals that attest to this helping with gastrointestinal issues such as bloating, heartburn, and nausea.
The name of the drink comes from the sizzling sound that occurs when the coal hits the water.
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Coffee drinking became popular in Europe in the early 17th century, which was around the same time Dublin’s first coffee houses opened.
The first Irish coffee was first invented in 1943 by Joe Sheridan, an airport chef who worked at the Foynes Port near Limerick, who created it on a winter night for passengers who were stranded because of a storm.
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Portugal got coffee beans in 1727 when a soldier named Francisco de Melo Palheta introduced it to the Portuguese empire, which also included Brazil (where he was stationed), Africa, the Americas, and India.
Mazagran is a cold, refreshing drink that was supposedly invented in the 1840s when French soldiers created it while stationed at the Mazagran fortress in Algeria.
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In the late 17th century, coffee was introduced by an Indian Sufi saint by the name of Baba Budan, who smuggled seven beans from Yemen to India (by strapping them to his chest) after making a pilgrimage to Mecca, as it was illegal to take coffee from Arabia then. Baba Budan discovered the dark, sweet coffee (called Qahwa) from Mocha, a port city in Yemen, and he made his journey to Karnataka, where he planted them.
In most of India, tea reigns supreme, but coffee is popular in many areas of the country, such as Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.
South Indian filter coffee is sometimes called mysore coffee, degree coffee, or filter kaapi. It’s a milky and sweet coffee.
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Spanish monks initially brought coffee to Lipa in 1740 -- and it eventually became the coffee capital in the Philippines. By the 1800s, coffee production had spread across the country and was exported to the US and Europe.
Interestingly enough, the Philippines has low coffee production and exports despite being one of the world’s largest coffee consuming countries. It’s also one of the world’s largest importers of coffee.
The Philippines is unique in the fact that it produces all four types of coffee beans: Arabica, Liberica, Robusta, and Excelsa (most of the coffee produced is Robusta).
This isn’t a specific recipe but it’s important to highlight. Kapeng barako (“male stud bull” or “wild boar” in Tagalog) is a coffee made from Liberica beans. It’s served black -- sometimes with sugar -- and outside of the Philippines, you can find it at specialty Asian markets.
Edited by:
Bryan Huynh
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Product Tester & Writer